Interesting research from Jason D. Fridley that I may come back to when I take Carole Bergmann’s invasives class in August: Fridley conducted a three-year study comparing congeneric native and non-native shrubs and lianas in the Eastern deciduous forest. The non-natives’ competitive edge didn’t show itself in the spring; both aliens and natives leafed out at about the same time. But the foreign-born Euonymus, Lonicera, Viburnum, and other species dropped their leaves in autumn about a month later than the native woody plants.